Introduction: Birth weight is the first weight of an infant recorded within the first hours after birth and is very important to the growth and development of an infant. Birth weight is crucial for the child’s survival and development and gives a general view of how healthy a child is in the womb.  Low birth weight (LBW) usually occurs as a result of preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction. However, several maternal factors such as malnutrition, parity, age, and economic status play significant roles in the outcome of birth weight.

Objective: The study aims to determine the maternal factors influencing low birth weight in the Bolgatanga Municipality.

Methodology: The study deployed a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative research design to determine the maternal factors influencing low birth weight in the Bolgatanga Municipality. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 300 study participants. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to display participants' responses.

Result: The prevalence of LBW among newborns in this study was found to be 26.3%. It was found that most of the participants (58.0%) had good knowledge on LBW. Most of the participants agreed that poor antenatal care, physical abuse and disease infections were causes of LBW among newborns. It was found that 58.7% of them were multiparous and only 9.7% were nulliparous. Maternal age (X²=48.109, p-value=<0.001), marital status (X²=18.324, p-value=<0.001) and mother’s occupational status (X²=16.710, p-value=0.002) were strongly associated with LBW in neonates in this study.

Conclusion: Addressing LBW requires a multifaceted approach that integrates socio-demographic, economic, obstetric, and healthcare-related interventions.