Talent management has emerged as a critical factor in enhancing organisational performance across various sectors. This study investigates the talent management practices in selected tertiary institutions in the Bono Region of Ghana, exploring their impact on institutional performance. The research focuses on understanding the current state of talent management, its effect on organisational outcomes, the challenges faced in managing talent, and the differences in practices between public and private institutions. The increasing competition and dynamic environment in the educational sector necessitate effective talent management to achieve organisational goals. This study addresses the gap in literature regarding talent management in tertiary institutions in Ghana, aiming to provide insights into how these practices influence organisational performance. The study adopts a mixed-method approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative data. A survey was conducted among staff and management of selected tertiary institutions, complemented by in-depth interviews to gain a comprehensive understanding of the talent management practices. The sample size included 200 respondents selected through stratified random sampling. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis to determine the relationship between talent management practices and organisational performance. The findings reveal that effective talent management practices are positively correlated with improved organisational performance. Institutions with robust talent management frameworks demonstrated higher levels of employee satisfaction, reduced turnover rates, and enhanced academic and operational outcomes. The study also highlights significant differences between public and private institutions, with private institutions exhibiting more proactive talent management strategies. Key findings indicate that talent management practices such as talent acquisition, development, retention, and performance management are crucial for achieving organisational excellence. Public institutions face challenges such as bureaucratic constraints and limited resources, impacting their ability to implement effective talent management practices. In contrast, private institutions benefit from greater flexibility and resource availability, allowing for more innovative approaches to managing talent. The study concludes that talent management is a pivotal component of organisational success in tertiary institutions. Effective talent management practices lead to better employee engagement, higher performance levels, and overall institutional growth. The research underscores the need for tailored strategies to address the unique challenges faced by public and private institutions. Based on the findings, the study recommends that public tertiary institutions should streamline their administrative processes and increase resource allocation for talent management initiatives. Both public and private institutions should invest in continuous professional development and create a supportive work environment to retain top talent. Further research is suggested to explore the long-term impact of talent management practices on organisational performance in different educational contexts.