Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic chronic disease affecting the majority of adults with associated complications. The non-compliance to anti-diabetic medication has become a global challenge to achieving optimal glucose control among diabetic patients. This study therefore sought to determine the predictors to anti-diabetic medication non-compliance among patients accessing health care at Sunyani Municipal Hospital of Ghana.

Methodology: A quantitative study and cross-sectional design was employed for the study.  A convenience sampling technique was used to recruit two hundred and twenty (220) type-two diabetic patients. A Structured questionnaire was administered face to face to gather data. Data was analysed with the help of Stata 16. Descriptive and inferential statistic were conducted to determine the relationship between the dependent and the predictor variables at a 95% confidence interval and a P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statically significant.

Results: The study found that, non-adherence to anti-diabetic medication was 45.5%. Most of the participants had inadequate (52.3%) self-care practices. Age (40-49) years were less likely [AOR=0.024(0.003-0.178), P=0.0001], Female [AOR=0.224(0.082-0.612), P=0.004], Single [AOR=13(6.399-16.616), P=0.001] and comorbidity [AOR=0.156(0.053-0.458), P=0.00].

Conclusion and Recommendation:  The study concluded that, a significant number of type two diabetes do not comply with anti-diabetic medication and this was influenced by inadequate self-care practices, age, sex, comorbidity and single and not married. The study recommends the intensification of awareness creation of complications of non-compliance to anti-diabetic medication and education on self-care practices through mass media. Additional research is necessary to determine potential factors contributing to insufficient self-care behaviours that affect non-adherence to anti-diabetic medications.