Toward Confluence of Yoruba and Christian Beliefs in Egúngún (Masquerade) and Father Christmas: A Comparative Symbolic Analysis

Article Number: SIS120657AI210723

21st July, 2023

Author(s):

Oluwọle Tẹwọgboye Okewande

Abstract:

In Africa and among the Yoruba Christians in particular, the orientation that there are divergences in their religious beliefs sometimes result to religious intolerance culminating to religious conflict. Therefore, this study investigated the beliefs on the Babakérésì (Farther Christmas) and Egúngún (Masquerade). Egúngún, is a religious event whereby, the spirit of the dead and ancestors interact with the living and Father Christmas is an annual Christian Festival. However, Farther Christmas, as a socio-religious event has not been related to any form of Yoruba Egúngún. This gap is filled by this study. This study employs cultural approach, which implies the social power that encodes culture in a society, using comparative method. Cultural and religious elements of Egúngún- the divinity of the ancestors, are compared with Nicholas and/or Santa Claus and Father Christmas to establish their relationship. It is found out that religious elements of Egúngún are related to Father Christmas and Nicholas and/or Santa Claus in symbolisms- the spirits of the dead, ancestors or saints manifest in human to bless the children. It is equally found out that, Egúngún, Nicholas and/or Santa Claus and Father Christmas are imitated, especially in voice by the traditional and Christians during Christmas and Egúngún festivals, apart from the fact that both festivals are celebrated annually. This study concludes that, there are convergences of beliefs on Father Christmas and Egúngún mediated by the spirit of the dead- ancestor inhibits in human-being. The two religions teach the same values in different modes and, therefore, the worshippers should tolerate one another by peaceful co-existence