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Student Academic Performance and Single Parenting: A Theoretical Perspective
Article Number: SIS489562AI220423
22nd April, 2023
Author(s):
Daniel Kessie
Abstract:
This study reviewed theories that explain how single
parenting influences the academic performance of students. Theories that were
reviewed include the Family Deficit Model, the Risk and Protective Factor
Model, the Social Exchange Theory, the Family Socialization Perspective Model,
the Theory of Social Network Paradigm, the Theory of Overlapping Spheres of
Influence, the Economic Deprivation Theory, and other perspectives (No-Impact
Perspective and System Perspective). The no-impact perspective claims that the
association between changing family structures and children’s academic outcomes
can be attributed to a combination of family background factors such as
parents’ education and incomes and the ethnicity or race of the family.
Further, some researchers propose that much family structure research is
inconclusive because it has failed to differentiate among various types of
single-parent families, such as whether they result from marital disruption
(divorce or separation), parental death, or a never-married parent. In
addition, it is suggested that many studies fail to take into account the
timing in a child’s life of family disruption, the duration of the effects of
that disruption, and whether the lone parent is the father, mother, or guardian.