Prevalence and predictors of self-medication among university students in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Background: Self-medication of medicines is a global issue particularly among those with good access and familiarity with medications such as university students. It has a signifcant impact on drug resistance and medication-related
complications. There are limited and inconsistent studies on self-medication practices in Ethiopia. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled prevalence of self-medication and its predictors among
university students in Ethiopia.
Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the prevalence and predictors of selfmedication among university students in Ethiopia. Published articles from various electronic databases such as
Medline, Hinari, Pub Med, Cochrane library, and the Web of Science were accessed. In addition, a manual search was
performed including Google Scholar. Searching of articles were searched from January 1st to February 1,
2021. All
observational studies conducted among university students in English language were included in the review. Two
reviewers independently assessed articles before inclusion in the fnal review using the Joanna Briggs Institute MetaAnalysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) instrument for critical appraisal. The I
2
test was
used to assess heterogeneity. Since the included studies exhibited high heterogeneity, a random-efects model was
used to estimate the pooled prevalence of self-medication.
Results: We found of 812 published and unpublished studies in our search. Finally, 31 full-text studies were reviewed,
and 13 studies fulflled the inclusion criteria and were included in the fnal meta-analysis. A total of 5377 study
respondents from 13 studies were included in the study. The results of our study revealed that the pooled prevalence
of self-medication among university students was 49.41% (95% CI 38.67%, 60.13%). The included studies had a sample
size ranging from 250 to 792 with the lowest prevalence (19.87%) of self-medication from the University of Gondar,
whereas the highest prevalence (77.01%) was recorded in a study conducted at Arsi University. From the pooled
estimation, there was a signifcant association between self-medication and income (OR=0.67: 95% CI 0.55–0.80).
However, the association between self-medication and year of study and sex of participants was insignifcant.
Conclusion: The pooled prevalence of self-medication among Ethiopian university students was relatively high
compared to the current global health problem with an increase in anti-microbial resistance.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice volume
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