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It has been over 40 years since Connecticut amended its Constitution to ensure citizens a
right to a free public education. Despite the constitutionally prescribed right, dramatic
inequities in educational conditions continued to characterize the state’s K-12 educational
system, especially between suburban/rural white and urban minority school districts. In the
1970s plaintiffs challenged the prevailing mechanism for allocating education funds with a
host of court cases that tackled the thorny question of how much financial responsibility the
state should assume to equalize the spending disparities between school districts. Prodded by
court decisions, many formulas and approaches have been proposed by the Connecticut
General Assembly in response to the various legal challenges yet the state has never fully
funded the cost sharing formula nor lived up to the 50-50 cost sharing arrangement envisaged
by some policymakers. The situation remains at an impasse with the latest court action,
CCJEF v. Rell (2005), to be resolved no sooner than 2014 by most accounts.
Our aim here is to offer an analysis of the decision-making environment that explains the
current impasse. We contend that by applying the dual-error framework popular in other
social policy settings, it is possible to understand the competing views and beliefs of those
groups arrayed in opposition. We claim that the individual and political understanding and
policy responses are prone to cognitive heuristics in the manner popularized by Sunstein,
Schadke and Kahneman, and Kuran and Sunstein (Kuran & Sunstein, 1999; Sunstein C. ,
Cognition and Cost-Benefit Analysis, 2000; Schkade & Kahneman, 1998). This analytical
approach entails a recognition that many policy makers fail to make decisions via the
normative model of rational decision-making but rather rely subjectively on emotion,
intuitions, biases, character traits, and social and cultural norms in a manner that diverges
systematically from the rational model. We argue that differing subjective appraisals of the
role of individual agency in the observed achievement gap is at the core of the debate. There
are, of course, other inputs into the educational process. But it is this perception of agency
that heavily influences the general population’s political choices.
The existing institutional framework appears to have cemented this worldview in a situation
that has little chance of a meaningful resolution. We note the perplexing conundrum in which
Connecticut finds itself and conclude that the problem is a social dilemma in which the
parties involved are individually powerless to resolve. Sortition mechanisms – allocation by
lottery – have been known to effectively resolve social dilemmas in other domains. We
examine the possibility of relying on lots to resolve the allocation of educational monies.